444 research outputs found
Risk, Trust and Emergent Groups: COVID-19 Mutual Aid Networks
Throughout the world, thousands of local mutual aid networks (MANs) have emerged in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Mutual aid involves exchanging resources, connecting people to services and building community. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mutual aid includes sharing COVID-19 information, social support, food and emergency funds in informal local networks. To learn more about these community networks and explore the perspectives and experiences of MAN participants around the United States, I conducted survey research. There are 101 individuals from 16 MANs in 11 states included in the survey sample.
There are two parts to this research. The first explores descriptive characteristics of MAN participants and their network involvement. The survey results describe demographic characteristics of MAN participant demographic characteristics, types of MAN involvement and motivations for joining MANs. The second part of this research analyzes social trust, institutional trust and COVID-19 risk perception. Survey findings suggest that MAN participants have high social trust, high institutional trust and low COVID-19 risk perception when compared to overall U.S. population survey data (Dryhurst et al. 2020; NORC1 N.d.). Results from this research provide insight on local community networks that develop in the midst of crises and contribute to a growing body of COVID-19 mutual aid research
Preventing adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing symptoms : effects of the Penn Resiliency Program
This study reports secondary outcome analyses from a past study of the Penn Resiliency
Program (PRP), a cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program for middle-school
aged children. Middle school students (N = 697) were randomly assigned to PRP, PEP
(an alternate intervention), or control conditions. Gillham et al., (2007) reported analyses
examining PRP’s effects on average and clinical levels of depression symptoms. We
examine PRP’s effects on parent-, teacher-, and self-reports of adolescents’ externalizing
and broader internalizing (depression/anxiety, somatic complaints, and social
withdrawal) symptoms over three years of follow-up. Relative to no intervention control,
PRP reduced parent-reports of adolescents’ internalizing symptoms beginning at the first
assessment after the intervention and persisting for most of the follow-up assessments.
PRP also reduced parent-reported conduct problems relative to no-intervention. There
was no evidence that the PRP program produced an effect on teacher- or self-report of
adolescents’ symptoms. Overall, PRP did not reduce symptoms relative to the alternate
intervention, although there is a suggestion of a delayed effect for conduct problems.
These findings are discussed with attention to developmental trajectories and the
importance of interventions that address common risk factors for diverse forms of
negative outcomes.peer-reviewe
El sistema inmune innato I: sus mecanismos
El sistema inmune innato surgió muy tempranamente en la evolución y, con escasas variaciones, es el que defiende a la mayorÃa de los animales de las agresiones externas, aunque se suele prestar más atención a la inmunidad adaptativa. En esta revisión se repasan aspectos tales como las similitudes y diferencias entre los sistemas inmunes innato y adquirido, el reconocimiento de los patógenos y los mecanismos que se desencadenan para eliminarlos, empezando por la activación del complemento que dispara una serie de respuestas, y la fagocitosis, que mejora también tras activarse el complemento. Además, el sistema inmune innato ha evolucionado para colaborar con el adquirido, y sin esta colaboración apenas se formarÃan anticuerpos ni se darÃa la denominada respuesta inmune de base celular. En conclusión, el sistema inmune innato es un pilar fundamental en el mantenimiento de la integridad del organismo.The innate immune system emerged very early in the evolution and, with few variations, defends most animals from the external aggressions, although usually the adaptive immunity receives more attention. In this review several of aspects of the innate immune system are revised, such as the similarities and differences between the innate and adaptive immune systems, the recognition of the pathogens, and the mechanisms that are triggered to eliminate them, which start with the activation of complement that shoots a series of responses, and phagocytosis, which also improves with complement activation. In addition, the innate immune system has evolved to collaborate with the acquired immunity. Without this collaboration most of the antibodies would not be formed, or the so called cellular base immunity would not occur. In conclusion, the innate immune system is a fundamental pillar for maintaining the integrity of the organism
Skin and subcutaneous mycoses in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused by fusarium oxyspoum in coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila
Subcutaneous mycoses in freshwater fish are rare infections usually caused by oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia and some filamentous fungi. To date, Fusarium infections in farmed fish have only been described in marine fish. Here, we report the presence of Fusarium oxysporum in subcutaneous lesions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Histopathologic evaluation revealed granuloma formation with fungal structures, and the identity of the etiological agent was demonstrated by morphological and molecular analyses. Some of the animals died as a result of systemic coinfection with Aeromonashydrophila
EUSOMA position regarding breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and the use of textured implants
Correction Volume: 48 Pages: 102-102 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.10.005 Published: DEC 2019During the last two decades the number of breast implants used in aesthetic, oncologic and risk reducing surgery has increased substantially mainly due to the improvement and confirmed safety of these devices. Since identification of the first case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with a breast implant (BIA-ALCL) 20 years ago, there has been an increase in the number of reports of this very rare disease, demonstrating a clear association with breast implants. Whilst the majority of cases are localised and cured by implant removal and full capsulectomy, a small percentage require chemotherapy and the mortality rate is very low. The evidence linking BIA-ALCL to implant surface texturing, as the majority of cases were diagnosed in patients with textured implants, has raised concerns about the long term safety of these devices resulting in patient and regulatory authority concerns globally. We hereby present the current published knowledge about the link between BIA-ALCL and implant surface texture and a review of current regulatory and professional body advice across Europe, which may enable a better understanding of this rare disease, how to manage and ultimately prevent it. We conclude by giving EUSOMA recommendation, towards the unnecessary change in attitudes towards implant based surgery, according to the most recent available published evidence as long as patients are properly informed about the risk of BIA-ALCL. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe
Dopamine neuronal loss contributes to memory and reward dysfunction in a model of Alzheimer's disease
Alterations of the dopaminergic (DAergic) system are frequently reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and are commonly linked to cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. However, the cause of DAergic system dysfunction in AD remains to be elucidated. We investigated alterations of the midbrain DAergic system in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, overexpressing a mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPswe). Here, we found an age-dependent DAergic neuron loss in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) at pre-plaque stages, although substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) DAergic neurons were intact. The selective VTA DAergic neuron degeneration results in lower DA outflow in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. The progression of DAergic cell death correlates with impairments in CA1 synaptic plasticity, memory performance and food reward processing. We conclude that in this mouse model of AD, degeneration of VTA DAergic neurons at pre-plaque stages contributes to memory deficits and dysfunction of reward processing
Utilization of lactose and presence of the phospho-β-galactosidase (lacG) gene in Lactococcus garvieae isolates from different sources
This study evaluates the utilization of lactose (Lac) and the presence of the phospho-β-galactosidase (lacG) gene as markers for distinguishing between fish (Lac-/lacG-) and dairy isolates (Lac+/lacG+) of Lactococcus garvieae, using a panel of L. garvieae isolates from different sources. None of the fish isolates produced acid from lactose (Lac-), however Lac-/lacG- isolates were observed in pigs, cows, birds and humans. Most of the dairy isolates (77.8%) were Lac+/lacG+, but some dairy isolates did not produce acid from this sugar. Data in the present study show that the ability to metabolize lactose and the presence of the lacG gene are heterogeneously scattered among L. garvieae isolates of different sources. Therefore, the use of these criteria as markers to differentiate between L. garvieae isolates of dairy and fish origin should be considered with caution
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